ABSTRACT First records of parasitoids attacking the Asian citrus psyllid in Ecuador. The objective of the current study was to investigate the presence of natural enemies of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) (the Asian citrus psyllid) in Ecuador. Incidence of parasitoid Diaphorencyrtus aligarhensis (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) was assessed between November 2015 and March 2016, in Letamendi, Febres-Cordero and Tarqui, urban districts of Guayaquil. Highest incidence of parasitism occurred in those regions and seasons of the year with the highest temperatures commensurate with increase of citrus plant shoots. Similar to their host, these parasitoids appear to have established in Ecuador by accident, and were not the result of purposeful introduction. This fortuitous introduction is a potentially helpful tool in controlling the Asian citrus psyllid, and potentially Huanglongbing.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this short communication is to provide information on the depository for the primary types of the new species described by Alvarenga et al. (2015) and thus validate the names suggested therein. The depository for the primary types of the new species Emersonella appendigaster Alvarenga, Costa & Hansson, 2015 and Emersonella frieirocostai Alvarenga, Costa & Hansson, 2015 is the Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (MZSP).

Emersonella Girault, 1916 is a wasp genus including species that parasitize Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) eggs, mainly Cassidinae. It occurs only in the Americas, and is primarily distributed in the Neotropical Region. In this paper two new species of Emersonella from the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil are described and compared to similar species. Emersonella appendigastersp. nov. is characterized by an elongate last gastral tergite in female, thoracic dorsum flat, femora and tibiae yellowish in female, malar sulcus absent, frontal suture slightly down-curved laterally, eyes with scattered hairs, frons and vertex smooth, and propodeum smooth with small anteromedian foveae. Emersonella frieirocostaisp. nov. is characterized by an elongate gaster in the female, at most 1.3 times as long as mesosoma and pointed at apex, propodeum with two large anterolateral foveae, pronotum hardly visible in dorsal view, with posterior part smooth, transverse pronotal carina present and malar sulcus absent. Both species are egg parasitoids of Metriona elatior (Klug, 1820) (Chrysomelidae) which feeds on Solanum viarum Dunal (Solanaceae).

Se reporta la ocurrencia de Emersonella pubipennis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) parasitando los huevos de Paraselenis fava (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) atacando batata (Ipomoea batatas), en la región de Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil.

the occurrence of Emersonella pubipennis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) parasitizing eggs of Paraselenis fava (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) infesting sweet potato, (Ipomoea batatas), in the region of Presidente Prudente, state of São Paulo, Brazil, is reported.

Eucalyptus are hosts of several psyllid species. Among them, Ctenarytaina eucalypti (Maskell) is considered the most harmful to Eucalyptus globulus plantations. In Brazil, this pest has been observed in the state of Parana, and in 2005, it was found causing damage to plantations of E. globulus in Arroio Grande and Piratini cities, RS. The monophagous endoparasitoid Psyllaephagus pilosus Noyes was also observed parasitizing nymphs of C. eucalypti. This parasitoid has been shown to be highly efficient in controlling this psyllid species, making unnecessary the use of any other control method.

O percevejo-do-colmo, Tibraca limbativentris Stal, é um dos insetos mais prejudiciais à cultura do arroz no Brasil. Este trabalho avaliou a ocorrência de parasitóides em ovos de T. limbativentris no Maranhão. Os ovos coletados apresentaram em média um parasitismo de 32%. Os parasitóides identificados foram Telenomus podisi (Ashmead), Trissolcus urichi (Crawford) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) e Oencyrtus submetallicus (Howard) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae).

The rice stem bug, Tibraca limbativentris Stal, is an important pest of rice in Brazil. This work evaluated the occurrence of parasitoids in eggs of T.limbativentris egg parasitism in rice crops in the Maranhão State. The eggs collected exhibited an average parasitism of 32%. The parasitoids collected were Telenomus podisi (Ashmead), Trissolcus urichi (Crawford) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) and Oencyrtus submetallicus (Howard) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae).

The presence of Tamarixia radiata Waterston (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is reported for the first time in Northwestern Argentina.

La presencia de Tamarixia radiata Waterston (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) fue detectada por primera vez en el noroeste argentino.

Em Cruz das Almas, BA, em outubro de 2004, foi verificada infestação de Trialeurodes variabilis (Quaintance) em mamoeiros 'Sunrise Solo', mantidos em telado. Nas folhas infestadas, detectaram-se níveis de parasitismo em ninfas da mosca-branca da ordem de 20%. Folhas com ninfas parasitadas foram mantidas em laboratório até emergência dos parasitóides, identificados como Encarsia hispida De Santis. Trata-se do primeiro registro de parasitismo de ninfas de T. variabilis por essa espécie de Encarsia no Brasil.

Infestation of Trialeurodes variabilis (Quaintance) was observed in October 2004, in papaya plants of cultivar Sunrise Solo, under screenhouse conditions, in Cruz das Almas, State of Bahia, Brazil. In infested leaves, around 20% of parasitism on nymphs was verified. Leaves with parasitized nymphs were kept in laboratory until emergence of the parasitoid, identified as Encarsia hispida De Santis. This is the first time that this parasitoid was detected on T. variabilis nymphs in Brazil.

Adultos de Cephalonomia stephanoderis Betrem foram detectados em novembro de 2003 durante amostragem de frutos de Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner danificados por Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) em Ouro Preto D'Oeste, RO (10º45'S e 62º15'W). De janeiro a julho de 2004, o parasitóide foi amostrada mensalmente em 200 frutos danificados por H. hampei. Provavelmente, C. stephanoderis exerça alguma pressão de parasitismo sobre a população da broca-do-café. A ocorrência do parasitóide em condições naturais aponta para outra alternativa de controle biológico de H. hampei em Rondônia. Este é o primeiro registro de C. stephanoderis em plantações de café na Amazônia brasileira.

Adults of Cephalonomia stephanoderis Betrem were detected (in November 2003) during the sampling of Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner berries damaged by Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in Ouro Preto D'Oeste - Rondônia, Brazil (10º45'S and 62º15'W). From January to July 2004, the parasitoid was monthly sampled in 200 berries damaged by H. hampei. Probably, C. stephanoderis can already exert some parasitism pressure at the coffee berry borer population. The occurrence of this parasitoid in natural conditions points out to another alternative for the biological control of the H. hampei in Rondônia. This is the first record of C. stephanoderis in coffee plantations of the Brazilian Amazonia.

As fases imaturas do parasitóide Muscidifurax uniraptor Kogan & Legner foram caracterizadas morfologicamente. Pupários de mosca-doméstica com 48-72h de idade foram expostos aos parasitóides adultos em laboratório (25±1ºC, 70±10% U.R. e 14h de fotofase) por um período de 18h. Diariamente, amostras dos pupários foram dissecadas para observação dos imaturos. Em microscópio eletrônico de varredura foram efetuadas medidas de cápsula cefálica das larvas e eletromicrografias dos imaturos. Foi possível determinar quatro ínstares larvais para M. uniraptor. As larvas dos diferentes ínstares são semelhantes na forma geral e nos movimentos, diferindo no tamanho e no volume, apresentando perda gradual de transparência de um ínstar para outro. Houve sobreposição de fases durante o desenvolvimento de ovo a adulto do parasitóide.

The immature stages of the parasitoid Muscidifurax uniraptor Kogan & Legner were morphologically characterized. House fly pupae, 48 to 72-hour old, were exposed to adult parasitoids in laboratory conditions (25 ± 1ºC, 70 ± 10% R.H. and 14 h of photophase) for 18-hour period. Daily, samples of these pupae were dissected for observation of the immatures. Measurements of larval cephalic capsules and electromicrographies of the immatures were made with a scanning electron microscope. M. uniraptor presents four instars wich are very similar in shape and motion, but different in size and volume, and presents a gradual loss of transparency. During the egg to adult development, different stages or larval instars occurred simultaneously.